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Locking a fill Flash has another trick up its sleeve for gradient or bitmap fills. A locked fill looks as though the fill is behind your objects and the objects are just uncovering the fill. As a result, if you use the same fill for several objects, Flash locks the position of the fill across the entire drawing surface rather than fixing the fill individually for each object. Figure 3-18 shows an example of a locked fill. In this figure, you see some windows and portholes filled with a locked bitmap of the sky. Doesn t it look as though the sky is really outside the windows? To lock a fill, choose the Brush tool or the Paint Bucket tool with a gradient or bitmap fill, as we explain in the two preceding sections. Then click the Lock Fill modifier in the Options section of the Tools panel. Start painting where you want to place the center of the fill and continue to other areas. Drawing Precisely If drawing in Flash seems too loosey-goosey to you, you need to know about a few features that can help you draw more precisely. Other programs do offer more precise tools, but Flash might have the tools that you need. The ruler rules To help you get your bearings, you can choose View.Rulers to display the Flash ruler along the top and the left side of the Stage, as shown in Figure 3-19. Figure 3-18: When you lock a fill, the fill s pattern continues across the Stage, but appears only where you use it. Chapter 3: Getting Graphic 71
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To use a bitmap graphic to fill a shape, follow these steps: 1. Create the object or shape that you want to fill. 2. Choose File.Import.Import to Stage. The Import dialog box opens. 3. In the Import dialog box, choose the bitmap that you want to use as the fill and then click Open/Import. The bitmap appears on the Stage. If necessary, move it to the desired location. We explain more about importing graphics in the section The Import Business Using Outside Graphics, at the end of this chapter. 4. Choose Modify.Break Apart. Flash breaks the bitmap into separate areas of color. 5. Click the Eyedropper tool on the Tools panel. 6. Click the bitmap on the Stage. Notice that the Fill Color tool on the Tools panel now shows a tiny picture of your bitmap. Flash also automatically switches you to the Paint Bucket tool so that you can immediately fill an object. 7. Click inside the object that you want to fill. Flash fills it with the bitmap. The bitmap is repeated over and over in an effect called tiling. If you ve already imported a bitmap, you can fill an object with the bitmap by using the Color Mixer panel. Follow these steps: 1. Choose Bitmap from the Fill Style drop-down list. Bitmaps in the movie appear as small tiles at the bottom of the Color Mixer panel. 2. Click the Fill Color box if it isn t already selected. 3. Select the bitmap from the small bitmap tiles. 4. Choose the Paint Bucket tool from the Tools panel. 5. Click inside a closed object on the Stage. You may need to scale the bitmap. See the section on transforming fills in Chapter 4 for details. For either method of choosing a bitmap, you can choose the Brush tool (instead of using the Paint Bucket tool) and then brush with the bitmap. Use a thick-enough brush size so that the bitmap shows clearly. 70 Part II: 1,000 Pictures and 1,000 Words
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Overflow modes are new for Flash 8. To use these effects, fill a shape with a gradient and then use the Gradient Transform tool to reduce the size of the gradient so that it no longer completely fills the shape. (We discuss the Gradient Transform tool in Chapter 4.) Then try out the three overflow modes to see the results. The overflow modes are only supported in the Flash 8 player. Select the Linear RGB check box to create a gradient that complies with Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) standards. SVG is an XML language for describing 2-D graphics. 7. To save the gradient, click the menu icon in the upper-right corner of the Color Mixer panel and choose Add Swatch. The new gradient now appears in the Color palette of the Fill Color box on the Tools panel and in the Color Swatches panel. Go ahead and fill something with it! You can also move a gradient s center and focal points, change its width and height, rotate it, scale it, skew it, and tile it. See Chapter 4 for more on editing gradients. Bitmap fills You can create the coolest, weirdest fills by importing a bitmap graphic and using the bitmap to fill any shape. For a hypothetical Web site protesting genetically engineered foods, for example, we could find a bitmap of a bug (representing the Bt bacteria genetically engineered into corn) and use it to fill a graphic of corn. Figure 3-17 shows the result. Figure 3-17: You can fill any shape with a bitmap, repeated over and over and over. . . . Chapter 3: Getting Graphic 69
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To create your own gradient, follow these steps: 1. Choose Window.Color Mixer to open the Color Mixer panel (refer to Figure 3-15). Then choose Linear or Radial from the Fill Style dropdown list. You see a gradient bar with color pointers that specify the colors of the gradient and where the gradient changes from one color to the next. If you select a fill before you use the Color Mixer panel, the object s fill color changes immediately when you change the gradient in the Color Mixer panel. 2. To use an existing gradient as a starting point, click the Fill Color box on the Tools panel and choose a gradient from the bottom of the Color palette. You can also choose Window.Color Swatches to open the Color Swatches panel and choose a gradient from the bottom of the Color palette there. 3. To specify the color for each color pointer, click and hold the pointer and then release the mouse button (this is like a long mouse click); when the color swatches appear, select a color. You can click the Fill Color box and select an existing color from the Color palette or specify a new color by using the methods that we describe in the earlier section, Creating new colors or editing existing colors. Note that when you click a pointer, its point turns black to indicate that it s the active pointer. The square beneath the point displays the color pointer s current color. 4. To change the number of colors in the gradient, add or delete color pointers. To add a color pointer, click where you want the pointer to appear, just below the gradient bar. To delete a color pointer, drag it off the gradient bar. 5. To adjust where the color changes, drag a color pointer to the left or right. 6. To add control over how colors are applied to a selected shape beyond the gradient, select one of the following overflow modes from the Overflow drop-down list: Extend: Extends the last or outermost gradient color past the end of the gradient. Reflect: Fills the shape by mirroring the gradient pattern. Repeat: Repeats the gradient from beginning to end. 68 Part II: 1,000 Pictures and 1,000 Words
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Duplicate Swatch: Creates a duplicate of a swatch. Do this when you want to create your own color and use an existing color as a basis. Delete Swatch: Deletes a color. Load Default Colors: Replaces the active Color palette with the Flash default palette. Save as Default: Saves the active Color palette as the default palette for any new Flash movies that you create. Clear Colors: Clears all colors except black and white for when you really want to start from scratch. Web 216: Loads the Web-safe, 216-color palette. Sort by Color: Sorts the display of colors by luminosity. Gradient colors So you re bored with solid colors and want something more interesting. Gradients are combinations of two or more colors that gradually blend from one to another. Flash can create gradients of as many as 16 colors quite a feat. Gradients are always used as fills. The gradient can be linear or radial (concentric), as shown in Figure 3-16. Because the figure isn t in color, it can t begin to show you the glory of gradients. Flash offers a few standard gradients that you can find at the bottom of the Color palette. But you often need a more customized look, and Flash has the tools to create just about any gradient that you want. Radial gradients look best on curved objects. A circle suddenly looks like a sphere when you fill it with a radial gradient. Radial gradients give the impression of light highlights if you put white at the center of the gradient. Linear gradients look best on straight objects. Figure 3-16: Linear gradient Radial gradient Linear and radial gradients make your graphics much more interesting than plain solid colors. Chapter 3: Getting Graphic 67
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To create a new color or edit an existing color, follow these steps: 1. Click the menu icon in the upper-right corner of the Color Mixer panel to open the pop-up menu; then choose the color mode. RGB specifies a color according to red, green, and blue components; HSB specifies a color by hue, saturation, and brightness. You can also define a color by using hexadecimal notation, which is the color system used on the Web: Just type the hexadecimal code in the Hex text box of the Color Mixer panel. 2. Click the Stroke Color or Fill Color icon to specify which color you want to change stroke or fill. Click the icon to the left of the Stroke Color or Fill Color box not the box itself, because if you click the box, you open the Color palette. 3. Type the color specs in the text boxes, use the sliders to drag to the desired color, or find a color in the color space that s close to the one that you want, and then click that color. 4. Set the level of opacity/transparency (also called alpha) by using the Alpha slider or by typing a number in the Alpha box. A setting of 0% is completely transparent; 100% is opaque. 5. If you want to create a new color swatch, click the Options menu icon in the upper-right corner of the panel and choose Add Swatch. Flash adds the new color to the Color palette so that you can access it from the Stroke Color or Fill Color boxes on the Tools panel, the Property inspector, or the Color Swatches panel. Managing colors If you ve added or changed colors, you can save this new palette. (A palette is a set of colors.) You can then save the palette for use in other Flash movies or import a Color palette from another Flash movie (so that you don t have to bother creating the colors again). Color palettes are saved as .clr files and are called Flash Color Set files. To save a color palette, choose Save Colors from the Color Swatches option menu. (Choose Window.Color Swatches to open the Color Swatches panel and click the option menu icon in the upperright corner of the panel to display the menu.) In the Export Color Swatch dialog box, choose a location for the file, name it, and click Save. Macromedia Fireworks and Adobe Photoshop use Color Table files (ACT files), and Flash can import and save these as well. To import a Color palette that you ve saved, use the option menu of the Color Swatches panel. Choose Add Colors if you want to append this imported palette to an existing palette. Choose Replace Colors if you want the imported palette to replace an existing palette. You can use the same Color Swatches panel option menu to manage your Color palettes. Choose from the following options: 66 Part II: 1,000 Pictures and 1,000 Words
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A Rainbow of Colors Flash offers you lots of color options. You can work with the solid colors that come with Flash. By default, Flash uses a palette of 216 colors that are Websafe, which means that they look good on all Web browsers and monitors. Or, in these days when most computers can displays millions of colors, you can create your own colors. Solid citizens When you choose either the Stroke Color or Fill Color tool, Flash opens the current Color palette, which is the active set of colors that Flash uses. Creating new colors or editing existing colors Flash provides two ways for you to specify your own colors: Choose the Stroke Color or Fill Color tool from the Tools panel and click the Colors Window button in the upper-right corner of the palette to open the Color dialog box. Choose Window.Color Mixer to open the Color Mixer panel. These two methods duplicate each other; here, we explain how to use the Color Mixer panel, as shown in Figure 3-15. If you select an object before you use the Color Mixer panel, the object s color changes immediately when you change the color in the Color Mixer panel. Fill style Black and White Swap Colors Stroke Color Fill Color Color space Options menu Brightness control Hex text box Current/ previous color box Transparency (alpha) value Color specification text boxes No Color Figure 3-15: Use the Color Mixer panel to create your own colors. Chapter 3: Getting Graphic 65
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The Paint Bucket is also handy for changing existing fills. You can change the color as well as fiddle around with gradient and bitmap fills. (See Chapter 4 for more on editing fills.) To use the Paint Bucket, choose it from the Tools panel. Set the color by clicking the Fill Color tool and selecting a color. Alternatively, you can use the Fill Color drop-down list in the Property inspector. Flash can fill areas that aren t completely closed. The Gap Size modifier (in the Options section of the Tools panel) determines how large of a gap Flash will overlook to fill in an almost enclosed area. Choices range from Don t Close Gaps to Close Large Gaps. Because small and large are relative terms, you might have to experiment to get the result that you want. After you choose an option from the Gap Size modifier, click any enclosed or almost enclosed area to fill it, as shown in Figure 3-14. After you use the Paint Bucket to fill a shape created with another tool, you can delete the outline of the shape and keep just the fill. Strokes, Ink You use the Ink Bottle tool to create an outline on an existing shape. You can also use the Ink Bottle tool to change an existing line (also called a stroke). To use the Ink Bottle tool, click it on the Tools panel. Click the Stroke Color tool to select a color. Use the Property inspector, as we explain earlier in this chapter (in the discussion of the Pencil tool) to choose a line thickness and line style. Then click anywhere on the shape. If the shape has no existing line, Flash adds the line. If the shape has a line, Flash changes its color, width, or style to the settings that you specified in the Property inspector. Figure 3-14: You can fill areas that aren t completely closed by using the Gap Size modifier. 64 Part II: 1,000 Pictures and 1,000 Words
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The Tilt modifier varies the angle of your brush stroke when you vary the angle of the stylus on the tablet. For example, holding the stylus straight up and down produces a different-shape brush stroke from the one that you get if you hold the stylus at a 45-degree angle to the tablet. Use the Tilt modifier for fine control over your brush strokes. Click the Use Tilt button in the Options section of the Tools panel to turn on this feature. You see the effect most clearly with a large brush size and one of the narrow brush shapes. When you start to draw, change the angle of the stylus to the tablet. Watch the cursor shape turn, giving you a hint as to the shape of the brush stroke. Try brushing at a few angles to see how this works. See the section A Rainbow of Colors, later in this chapter, for an explanation of the Lock Fill modifier, one of the brush tool s modifiers. Brush smoothing Smoothing brush strokes is similar to smoothing pencil strokes. You can finely adjust how much your brush strokes are smoothed after you finish drawing them. You can set smoothing anywhere from 0 to 10. To set brush smoothing, follow these steps: 1. Click the Brush tool and open the Property inspector (choose Window.Properties.Properties). 2. Click the Expand arrow at the lower-right corner. 3. Use the Smoothing text box or slider to set a new value. The default value is 5. The lower values change your strokes less. Therefore, if you set the Smoothing to 0, the brush stroke is closest to what you actually drew. Lower values create more vectors, resulting in a larger file size for your movie. The higher values smooth and simplify your strokes more. A setting of 10 creates strokes that are smoother. Pouring on the Paint The Paint Bucket creates fills that fill shapes with color. You might want to fill an enclosed area that you created with the Line or Pencil tool. You can also fill enclosed shapes created with the Pen or Brush tool, as we explain earlier in this chapter. Chapter 3: Getting Graphic 63
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Pressure and Tilt modifiers If you have a pressure-sensitive pen and tablet, Flash also displays a Pressure modifier so that you can vary the width of your strokes according to the pressure that you put on your pen while you draw. Click the Use Pressure button (refer to Figure 3-10) to turn on this feature. Flash fully supports pressure-sensitive pens and adds some unusual features, such as the ability to use the opposite end of the pen to erase just like a real pencil. Figure 3-13 shows this type of pen and tablet. Photo courtesy of Scott Rawlings of Wacom A pressure-sensitive pen works together with a tablet to help you draw in Flash. The tablet tracks the movement and pressure of the pen while you draw. You can also use the pen as a mouse to choose menu and dialog box items. In other words, if you want, you can use the pen for all your Flash work. Alternatively, you can use the pen and tablet just for drawing and use the mouse when you want to work with menus and dialog boxes. Figure 3-13: This Wacom pen and tablet set is easier to draw with than a mouse and enables you to easily vary the brush width as you draw. 62 Part II: 1,000 Pictures and 1,000 Words
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